Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world, stands tall at 29,032 feet (8,848 meters). But how cold does it get up there? The temperatures on Everest are not just chilly—they’re extreme and life-threatening. If you are planning for the Everest Base Camp trek, you should be prepared for the cold temperature in Everest. This article will explore how cold it gets on Mount Everest, why it’s so cold, and what it takes to survive in such harsh conditions.
Why Is Mount Everest So Cold?
The severe cold on Mount Everest is primarily due to its high altitude. As you climb higher in the atmosphere, the air becomes thinner and less capable of holding heat. This results in a significant drop in temperature. Additionally, Everest's location, far from the equator, means it receives less direct sunlight, further contributing to its frigid environment.
How Cold Is It at the Summit?
At the summit of Mount Everest, temperatures can plummet to as low as -60°F (-51°C). To put that into perspective, imagine the coldest winter day you’ve ever experienced and multiply it by ten—that’s how cold it is at the top of Everest.
Seasonal Temperature Variations
Despite its extreme altitude, Everest does experience seasonal temperature changes, though they’re all far colder than most of us are used to.
Summer (May to September): Even in summer, temperatures at the summit can range from -10°F to -30°F (-23°C to -34°C). At base camp, conditions are slightly warmer, ranging from -4°F to 14°F (-20°C to -10°C).
Winter (November to February): Everest's winter is brutally cold. Summit temperatures can drop to -76°F (-60°C), while base camp temperatures range from -22°F to -13°F (-30°C to -25°C).
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Factors Affecting Temperature
Several factors contribute to the severe cold on Mount Everest:
Altitude: The higher you climb, the colder it gets. With every 1,000 feet you ascend, the temperature drops by a few degrees. Given Everest's towering height, the temperature drop is significant.
Wind Chill: The winds on Everest can be fierce, often reaching hurricane force. This wind chill effect makes the already freezing temperatures feel even colder, stripping away body heat rapidly.
Time of Day and Year: The best time to climb Everest is during the spring (April to May), when temperatures are slightly milder. However, even during this period, climbers face icy conditions, especially at night.
Surviving the Cold on Mount Everest
Climbing Mount Everest is a test of physical endurance and a battle against the cold. Here’s how climbers prepare to survive:
Proper Clothing and Gear
Layered Clothing: Climbers wear multiple layers, including base layers, insulating layers, and windproof, waterproof outer shells.
Down Suits: These thick, feather-filled suits are essential for warmth at high altitudes.
Insulated Gloves, Hats, and Boots: Protecting extremities is crucial to prevent frostbite.
Oxygen Masks: Thin air at high altitudes makes breathing difficult, so climbers wear oxygen masks and tanks.
Shelter
Tents: Climbers sleep in specially designed tents that withstand strong winds and cold temperatures.
Sleeping Bags: These are rated for extreme cold, ensuring climbers stay warm even when temperatures drop below freezing.
The Dangers of Not Being Prepared
Without proper preparation, the cold on Mount Everest can be deadly:
Frostbite: This occurs when the skin and underlying tissues freeze, typically affecting fingers, toes, ears, and the nose. Severe frostbite can lead to permanent damage or even amputation.
Hypothermia: A dangerously low body temperature can cause confusion, unconsciousness, and, if untreated, death.
FAQs About the Cold on Mount Everest
What is the coldest temperature ever recorded on Mount Everest?
The coldest temperature recorded on Everest is -76°F (-60°C).
Can you drink water on Mount Everest?
Yes, but it needs to be boiled to kill any bacteria.
How long does it take to climb Mount Everest?
The average expedition takes about two months, including acclimatization time.
What is the deadliest zone on Mount Everest?
The "Death Zone" is above 8,000 meters (26,247 feet), where the oxygen level is too low for humans to acclimatize.
What is the best time to climb Mount Everest?
Spring (April to May) is generally considered the best time due to slightly milder conditions.
Can you survive the cold on Mount Everest without proper gear?
No, the extreme cold can cause frostbite and hypothermia, which are life-threatening without proper gear.
What is the wind chill on Mount Everest?
Wind chill can make the temperature feel like -100°F (-73°C) or colder, especially with winds over 100 miles per hour (160 kilometers per hour).
How do climbers stay warm on Mount Everest?
They wear layered clothing, down suits, insulated gloves, hats, boots, and oxygen masks. They also use special tents and sleeping bags designed for extreme cold.
Conclusion
Mount Everest is incredibly cold, with temperatures that challenge the limits of human endurance. While reaching the summit is an extraordinary achievement, being well-prepared to face the extreme cold and ensure a safe return is essential.
If you are planning an Everest base camp trek this year, book your trip with Real Adventure. We have been providing travel adventures for more than fifteen years.
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